// Copyright (C) 2023 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GFDL-1.3-no-invariants-only

/*!
    \example 3d/surfacegallery
    \meta tags {Graphs, Surface3D, Dynamic Data, Surface Graph, Height Map, Polar Graph}
    \examplecategory {Data Visualization}
    \title Surface Graph Gallery
    \ingroup qtgraphs_qmlexamples_3D
    \brief Gallery with three different ways to use a Surface3D graph.

    \e {Surface Graph Gallery} demonstrates three different custom features with Surface3D graphs.
    The features have their own tabs in the application.

    The following sections concentrate on those features only and skip explaining the basic
    functionality - for more detailed QML example documentation, see \l{Simple Scatter Graph}.

    \image surfacegallery-example.png
           {3D height map surface with terrain and grid controls}

    \include examples-run.qdocinc

    \section1 Height Map

    In the \uicontrol {Height Map} tab, generate a surface graph from height data. The data used is
    a height map of Mount Ruapehu and Mount Ngauruhoe in New Zealand.

    \section2 Adding Data to the Graph

    The data is set using HeightMapSurfaceDataProxy, which reads height information from a height
    map image. The proxy itself is contained in a Surface3DSeries. Inside the
    HeightMapSurfaceDataProxy the \c heightMapFile property specifies the image file containing the
    height data. The value properties in the proxy define the minimum and maximum values for surface
    area width, depth, and height. The \c z and \c x values are in latitude and longitude,
    approximately at the real-world position, and the \c y is in meters.
    \note The aspect ratio of the graph is not set to real-life scale, but the height is exaggerated
    instead.

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 0

    \section2 Displaying the Data

    In \c main.qml, set up the Surface3D element to display the data.

    First, define the custom gradient to be used for the surface. Set the colors from position
    0.0 to 1.0 with Gradient, with two extra stops to make the graph more vivid:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 1

    Set this element into the \c baseGradients property in the \c theme used in Surface3D:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 2

    Use the buttons to control other Surface3D features.

    The first button toggles the surface grid on and off. The draw mode cannot
    be cleared completely; so unless the surface itself is visible, the surface grid cannot be
    hidden:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 3

    The second one sets the surface grid color:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 4

    The third one toggles the surface on or off in the surface draw mode. The draw mode cannot
    be cleared completely, so unless the surface grid is visible, the surface itself cannot be
    hidden:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 5

    The fourth sets the for shading mode. If you are running the example on OpenGL ES system, flat
    shading is not available:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceHeightMap.qml 6

    The remaining buttons control the graph background features.

    \section1 Spectrogram

    In the \uicontrol {Spectrogram} tab, display polar and cartesian spectrograms and use
    orthographic projection to show them in 2D.

    A spectrogram is a surface graph with a range gradient used to emphasize the different
    values. Typically, spectrograms are shown with two-dimensional surfaces, which are simulated
    with a top-down orthographic view of the graph. To enforce the 2D effect, disable the
    graph rotation via mouse or touch when in orthographic mode.

    \section2 Creating a Spectrogram

    To create a 2D spectrogram, define a Surface3D item with the data given in the Surface3DSeries
    with an ItemModelSurfaceDataProxy:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 0

    The key properties for enabling the 2D effect are
    \l{GraphsItem3D::}{orthoProjection} and \l{GraphsItem3D::}{cameraPreset}. Remove the
    perspective by enabling orthographic projection for the graph, and the Y-dimension by viewing
    the graph directly from above:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 1

    Since this viewpoint causes the horizontal axis grid to be mostly obscured by the surface,
    flip the horizontal grid to be drawn on top of the graph:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 2

    \section2 Polar Spectrogram

    Depending on the data, it is sometimes more natural to use a polar graph instead of a cartesian
    one. This is supported via the \l{GraphsItem3D::polar}{polar} property.

    Add a button to switch between polar and cartesian modes:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 3

    In the polar mode, the X-axis is converted into the angular polar axis, and the Z-axis is
    converted into a radial polar axis. The surface points are recalculated according to the new
    axes.

    The radial axis labels are drawn outside the graph by default. To draw them right next to the
    0-degree angular axis inside the graph, define only a small offset for them:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 4

    To enforce the 2D effect, disable graph rotation in orthographic mode by overriding the default
    input handler with a custom one, which automatically toggles the
    \l{GraphsItem3D::rotationEnabled}{rotationEnabled} property based on the projection mode:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceSpectrogram.qml 5

    \section1 Oscilloscope

    In the \uicontrol {Oscilloscope} tab, combine C++ and QML in an application, and show data that
    dynamically changes.

    \section2 Data Source in C++

    Item model-based proxies are good for simple or static graphs, but use basic proxies to
    achieve the best performance when displaying data changing in real-time.
    These are not supported in QML, as the data items they store do not inherit \l{QObject} and,
    therefore, cannot be directly manipulated from QML code.
    To overcome this limitation, implement a simple \c DataSource class in C++ to populate the
    data proxy of the series.

    Create a \c DataSource class to provide two methods that can be invoked from QML:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.h 0
    \dots 4
    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.h 1

    The first method, \c generateData(), creates a cache of simulated oscilloscope data to display.
    The data is cached in a format that QSurfaceDataProxy accepts:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.cpp 0

    The second method, \c update(), copies one set of the cached data into another array, which is
    set to the series by calling QSurfaceDataProxy::resetArray().
    To minimize overhead, reuse the same array if the array dimensions have not changed:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.cpp 1

    Even though we are operating on the array pointer previously set to the series,
    QSurfaceDataProxy::resetArray() still needs to be called after changing the data in it to prompt
    the graph to render the data.

    To be able to access the \c DataSource methods from QML, expose the data source by
    making the DataSource a QML_ELEMENT:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.h 2

    Further, declare it as a QML module in the CMakeLists.txt:

    \badcode
    qt6_add_qml_module(surfacegallery
        URI SurfaceGallery
        VERSION 1.0
        NO_RESOURCE_TARGET_PATH
        SOURCES
            datasource.cpp datasource.h
        ...
    )
    \endcode

    To use QSurface3DSeries pointers as parameters for the \c DataSource class methods in all
    environments and builds, make sure the meta type is registered:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/datasource.cpp 3

    \section2 QML Application

    To use the \c{DataSource}, import the QML module and create an instance of \c DataSource to be
    used:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 0
    \dots 0
    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 1

    Define a Surface3D graph and give it a Surface3DSeries:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 2

    Don't specify a proxy for the Surface3DSeries that you attach to the graph. This makes the
    series utilize the default QSurfaceDataProxy.

    Hide the item label with \l{Abstract3DSeries::itemLabelVisible}{itemLabelVisible}. With dynamic,
    fast-changing data, a floating selection label would be distracting and difficult to read.

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 3

    You can display the selected item information in a \c Text element instead of the default
    floating label above the selection pointer:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 4

    Initialize the \c DataSource cache when the graph is complete by calling a helper function
    \c generateData(), which calls the method with the same name in \c DataSource:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 5
    \dots 0
    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 6

    To trigger the updates in data, define a \c{Timer}, which calls the \c update() method in
    \c DataSource at requested intervals:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/qml/surfacegallery/SurfaceOscilloscope.qml 7

    \section2 Enabling Direct Rendering

    Since this application potentially deals with a lot of rapidly changing data, it uses direct
    rendering mode for performance. To enable antialiasing in this mode, change the surface format
    of the application window. The default format used by QQuickView doesn't support antialiasing.
    Use the utility function provided to change the surface format in \c main.cpp:

    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/main.cpp 0
    \dots 0
    \snippet 3d/surfacegallery/main.cpp 1

    \section1 Example Contents
*/
